the first question should be answered by the affected persons, the second one has in the German school system a few outlined targets in a framework regulation implemented in 1968:
* end of first grade: difference between sexes, knowledge about maternity * within the first six grades: biological basics (procreation, pregnancy, birth), effects of puberty on body and mind, menstruation and nocturnal emission * at the end of the 9th/10th grade: human procreation, pregnancy, birth; sexual issue fields of adolescents (relationship of the two sexes, (too) early intercourse, masturbation), social and legal basics (engagement, marriage, family, parental rights and duties, rights of marital and extra-marital children), ethical and legal considerations of sexuality (contraception, promiscuity, prostitution, homosexuality, rape/sex offenses, abortion, STDs) * until the end of school: more of the same, but with more details(quick and dirty translation of the original 68 pamphlet. as the school system is in the responsibility of the states the current, valid versions are slightly different in the 16 states)
iirc this was mostly taught in my school career and I think that the most important points are covered.
