American education's use of "value added measures" is statistically bankrupt

Pennsylvania has its own ideas about how Value Added works. PVAAS, our teacher-eval version, purports to use all sorts of magic computations to control for student backgrounds. Basically, PVAAS mathematically creates a picture of how the students would have done in some imaginary neutral universe, and the teacher is judged on how much better or worse the students do than their imaginary dopplegangers. What could possibly go wrong??