Essentially the way it works is Sony still owns the rights to Spider-Man. But they hire Marvel to produce Spider-Man movies for them.
Until their recent spat and renegotiation, the way it worked was Marvel was paid a flat amount of money and Sony kept the proceeds of the stand alone Spider-Man films. Marvel also got rights to feature Spiderman in a fixed number of non-Sony films. And Sony waved the right to use Spider-Man, at least Peter Parker, directly in any films outside the deal.
There doesn’t seem to be much reporting on how that changed after Sony tried to play hardball when that contract was complete. But it seems to be roughly the same, with some tweaks.
They do retain the rights to the whole Spider-Man shebang though, so they can use any other character outside of Marvel produced material. They just can’t directly tie anything to the MCU or Spider-Man films taking place there.
I think Marvel still controls the rights for television, but Sony has film and video games.
That I’m not entirely sure on. Black Adam was green lit way before Shazam. Mostly on the strength of Johnson signing on and pushing it, and it seemed to get delayed when the whole Murderverse thing started it’s slow motion collapse.
It only moved into production proper after Shazam! was well received and made some money. Shazam! only came out in 2019. It’s a little difficult to say sequels were delayed given the sequel they’re shooting is meant to come out in April. Any delays are more down to it’s entire production process taking place during the Pandemic.