The study was in reference to available geography. I am sorry I wasn’t clear. My point is that we have essentially “maxed out” the geography.
The 87% figure came from one old HECO(Hawaiian Electric Company) website.
The DoE labs put it at 80.4% in their white papers -https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60806.pdf
So, I would put it down lower at 80%. That isn’t great.
It is a little misleading to quote that lower number you saw for Li-ion batteries. That was from a paper on electric vehicle battery efficiency. The actual stated charge/discharge efficiency of a Li-ion battery is normally stated as >95%
Sorry, wikipedia has some very misleading information on this topic.
So, if you consider that someone fudged the number a bit high for your pumped hydro and fudged it a bit low for your lithium, then you see that it is actually a huge level of inefficiency. Then again, it probably doesn’t matter. But if comparing technologies to store energy: hydrogen<PHS<batteries