How pyramid schemes work and why people keep getting suckered into them

Well, yes, but I never did expect there to be any academic validation for what I was suggesting. In more plain terms, all employment relies on the business not returning the full value of the employee contribution so as to direct value to profit for the owners/shareholders. Although pyramid schemes are more Machiavellian as there is really no effort to ensure the worker a sustainable wage, in fact it often puts them into debt to channel value up the chain.

I think employee owned companies are perhaps the only business form that overcomes this, by putting all the shares in the hands of the workers pushing the value up.

All that said I’ve not thought this through with any rigor - several steps below thought experiment.

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