HP's Z2 Mini is a tiny workstation

If you’re interested in building your own, here’s a nice example of what you can do with Mini-ITX: https://pcpartpicker.com/b/kpd6Mp

And if that’s not enough CPU power for you, there’s a really interesting Asrock motherboard in this form factor called the X99E-ITX, which would allow you to use a Xeon or the Broadwell-E series.