Encryption will always fail if the receiver forwards the unencrypted message to a third party, but that’s not the point here. The point is to encrypt messages so if the sender and receiver wish for their communications to remain private, a third party can’t snoop on them by reading their email while it’s in transit.
There are other anti-spam methods, including Bayesian filtering, blocklists (Spamhaus), and more. Some of these methods work at the server level, making it irrelevant what email client you use.
Browsers can filter out Javascript. Most email-based browsers are smart enough to do this, and more, e.g. purposely fail to display images which may contain tracking beacons.