Maintaining my target weight and somewhat managing back pain with a homebrew Peloton bike

I only skimmed your article, but I can’t see that you mentioned your position on the bike. Poor fit is the most likely cause of your lower back pain. It is worth paying a cycling instructor to help you dial in the seat, handlebars etc.
Next sort out your hamstrings with some yoga/stretching exercises.
Ignoring the pain could in the worst case lead to long term injury.