Burroughs used “hipster” in Junkie in 1953. (For example “The hipster bebop junkies never showed at 103rd Street” but it appears throughout.) I’d thought it was synonymous with (though predating) “beatnik.” But now I’m curious so I checked: Merriam-Webster traces its use back to 1940, while “hip” goes back to 1904, and “hep” to 1899. “Hepcat” goes back to 1937. But it doesn’t give specifics beyond the years of appearance (I might’ve guessed Lester Young for some of them).
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