Processor
Chipset is a different thing.
And it wasn’t so much that Apple was throttling the processor. The CPU was throttling itself, it was just getting too hot and limiting performance to manage heat. Which is a normal safety feature on all processors.
It’s the same make it small no matter what approach that leads to bending. They put a powerful, hot processor in a very restricted chassis. Then hamstrung cooling to keep fan noise down. They were able to fix it with more aggressive fan software, at the cost of noise. And spun it as a bug.