Currently? Government workers. This would be true in a Minarchy as well.
In a voluntary society agreed upon mediators or legal systems would carry out judgements. As I’ve said elsewhere I don’t support incarceration- reputation economies and social banishment would do the trick.
No, increases in productivity was mirrored by an increase in the value of labor. More widgets per person per time period means less hours worked.
Yes, money from government is from taxes of which businesses pay a lot. Additionally businesses also pay a lot of property taxes. Areas with expensive homes or many businesses have a large tax base hence more money of schools.
There aren’t more costs- increase productivity combined with increase efficiency equal more for less. There’s no need for more hours to meet product/service demand.
Responding to an infringement isn’t coercion. Attempting to take or use someone’s property is an infringement- the act of infringing is force. You’ve got the cart before the horse. <edit
I don’t agree with copyright nor do many libertarians, volunterist, an-caps, etc. Intellectual property rights should defined by TOS and reputation.
Which I disagree with. Punishment serves no one by government employees, the only action should be an attempt to redress monetarily and losses or harms.
No, I don’t think that. They are levels of magnitude less expensive than public schooling.
If ones property is taken the labor used to create or purchase the property is taken as well- it is a form of enslavement.
I use equipment that rather old because of my expertise. Non-experts would have a hard time with it. I’m also rather poor.