I thought they were eusocial, like ants, bees and wasps.
Papa Smurf is the drone, the other smurfs are the workers and not actually male, and there is an unseen queen. Gargamel didn’t understand this when he created Smurfette.
Also unseen are the yearly rituals where the worker smurfs force the old Papa Smurf out into the winter cold to die, then get a new Papa Smurf in the spring.
