I recently looked into taking my dog with me on the train from Seattle, Wa. to Salem, Or. There was a weight limit of… I think 20lbs. Also the dog needed to fit into a carrier that fit under my seat.
My 50lb dog was a clear no go for that train route. I’m not sure if that applies to all Amtrak routes or if the rules vary.
ETA: I love riding the train and at one point I was living in Portland and working in Seattle. I had hoped to ride the train on Friday and Sunday but the speed of the train and the price made it impractical. I ended up doing that commute for 5 years by car.