Hello! I work in hearing health. Bone conduction earphones do not help prevent hearing loss. Hearing loss typically occurs in the cochlea (specifically, in the hair cells and in cochlear neurons). Bone conducting hearing earphones bypass the eardrum and transmit sound through bone to the cochlea. The opportunity for level based hearing loss is just as strong as with earphones with a speaker. It has been argued that bone conducting earphones prevent damage to the eardrum, however earphones are not capable of producing sound pressure levels great enough to do so.
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