Indiana (#2 on the list above) is one of the states that does both types of gerrymandering. If you look on a map, it seems relatively benign. No serpentine monsters. Cool, right?
Except, if you know what you’re looking at, each of the smaller danger zones is self-contained due to “packing” – Gary (Black and colleges/universities), Bloomington (colleges/universities), South Bend (colleges/universities) – and then there’s the biggest danger of all: if you look closely at Indianapolis, the lines are drawn so that each quadrant of the actual city is approximately 25% of the entire voting district (radiating out to the suburbs and rural areas), which is the “cracking” part. Funny how that works.
Basically, there’s both “cracking” and “packing” involved.
Executive summary of the findings:
