I’m not especially bullish on battery swap stations either, but what do you mean by “many new ramps”? Freightliner has an electric semi truck available for sale next year that they say can do 250 miles on a charge, fully loaded. It’s pretty rare for a stretch of major road in the US to not have off-ramps or filling stations spaced within a 250 mile range. Still not enough to be practical for all trucking applications but the ranges has only been getting better.
Don’t forget that hydrogen comes with plenty of infrastructure challenges of its own. Virtually none of the hydrogen currently sold for vehicles in the US is even renewable, with nearly all of it on the market being derived from fossil fuels. Yeah, it’s definitely possible to make it with solar powered hydrolysis, but nobody is doing that at any scale yet. And if you’re considering the total energy efficiency starting with the power to do the hydrolysis to generate the hydrogen, fuel cells are nowhere near as efficient as batteries. One study I saw showed that when you look at the total energy from the electric grid that actually gets applied to propulsion of the wheels, battery vehicles are about 70-80% efficient while fuel cell vehicles are 25-35% efficient.
