But “farm collie” specifically refers to a pure bred collie bred to another breed or mixed breed dog to improve it’s working quality. It’s why it’s a farm collie, rather than just a farm dog.
And there are a number of similar deliberate mixes of pure breeds with mutts and other breeds. Some of the most common hunting types in Europe are bred by specifically cross breeding greyhounds or deerhounds, pure bred ones. With other breeds or existing mixes.
Basically your outbreeding the hillbilly grade inbred pure breed show dogs to restore their working qualities. And it often becomes the basis for restorative breeding programs and push back on oire breeds.
Breed standards are a disaster. The “type” classifications offer a way out of it.
