I found an article about this on http://mitchribar.com/ a while back when investigating the same issue. He goes into detail about how to work around the issue.
Since I’ve used his tweak, my YouTube experience has been great!
The gist of it seems to be:
“Your ISP is throttling downloads from servers that host cached videos. By rejecting these IP address ranges you will force the video to be served to you directly.”
Original Article: http://mitchribar.com/2013/02/time-warner-cable-sucks-for-youtube-twitchtv/