No, they are “funded” via people doing work to produce the goods and services needed to keep the society going. People are growing food, building homes, making and programming computers, creating methods of transportation, harvesting energy, etc. up to an including actually providing the medical care that is needed.
In an ancient communal hunter gatherer society, we might see people gathering food, making homes, making clothes, etc., and that etc would also include caring for the sick. And you’d look at them and say, “Wow, they haven’t even invented the concept of money… how are they paying for that healthcare?”
“How do we pay for it?” is a question an individual living in a society built around money asks themselves. From the perspective of society it’s a nonsense question. The question is “how do we accomplish it?” When you substitute “pay for” for “accomplish” you assume the answer is capitalism, so concluding that the answer is capitalism is circular.
The reason we have so much food and housing and healthcare compared to the hunter-gatherers is that we have had substantial increases in technology. The argument that capitalism is responsible for this hinges on the idea that most advances of technology were driven by a profit motive. I don’t think this is factually true: more notable inventions were created by groups working out of common interest, creativity and curiosity than by those seeking profit (profiting off of them is an afterthought or is done by someone else who exploits the inventors).
The reason everything gets done is because people are motivated to go out and do the things that need to be done. The argument that capitalism is responsible for this hinges on an idea that people are basically individualistic, selfish and competitive. Looking at different cultures around the world it doesn’t look to me like these are natural or inextricable human traits. They are, instead, traits promoted by capitalism because capitalism needs them. So capitalist societies end up being led by the most individualistic, selfish and competitive people to the detriment of everyone.
That comic contained more reason than a bald assertion that capitalism “pays for” the healthcare systems of Europe. My stance is that the people, together, provide what the people need and capitalism runs a protection racket on them, taking an unearned cut for aristocrats who are already extremely wealthy. Reason away.
