Both can be true at the same time. Some women may want more children, but decide/realize that they can’t afford to for various reasons.
In international development we’ve seen that, as family incomes rise, birth rates decrease, usually after a generation.
There are various reasons for high fertility in low income countries, but the main ones are labor for family enterprises, anticipated childhood deaths, and children as a social safety net for elder care.
As countries become more prosperous, these issues begin to be resolved, and many parents begin thinking about investing in their children’s future and helping them achieve a life more prosperous than their own. Which is expensive, further reinforcing the trend towards fewer children.
