The famously difficult green-eyed logic puzzle

Everyone has always known that at least one prisoner is green-eyed.

The facts:

  • No prisoners are not green-eyed.
  • Everyone has always known that at most one prisoner is not green-eyed.
  • Everyone has always known that everyone has always known that at most two prisoners are not green-eyed.
  • Everyone has always known that everyone has always known that everyone has always known that at most three prisoners are not green-eyed.
  • For all i, (Everyone has always known)^i that at most i prisoners are not green eyed.

What is the information contained in hearing the statement “at least one person is green-eyed” addressed to everyone?

  • At most n-1 prisoners are not green-eyed
  • Everyone knows that at most n-1 prisoners are not green-eyed
  • For all i, (Everyone knows)^i that at most n-1 prisoners are not green-eyed
  • Specifically, a new piece of information: (Everyone knows)^n that at most n-1 prisoners are not green-eyed