Please stop shifting the topic. You made an assertion about California doing a independence referendum. That assertion was shown to be false. Don’t shift the goalpost back to Catalonia and apply Spanish law to the California assertion.
Again, you’re crossing up discussion of a US state and a Spanish region, and I will assume it’s just confusion rather than a bad faith argument.
Of course, it didn’t start with independence. The first step was an attempt to negotiate better treatment from the central government. The independence movement came from the harsh response to the first attempt.
At some point, when there is a disagreement between a state/region/people and a central government, and the central government always escalates to hard line responses, including draconian laws and police violence, it doesn’t matter what the law is. That state/region/people have a right to be treated fairly, and if the central government responds to calls for fairness with draconian prison sentences and police violence, those people have a right to independence.
Before you bring up the US Civil War, that’s an example of the direct opposite case. The Confederate states started with concessions from the formation of the country, and were given more and more concessions over time.
We’re familiar here with that. It doesn’t play well. If it looks like a fascist, acts like a fascist, and smells like a fascist, call it a fascist.
(And while I’m editing) When the Spanish government is changing laws to punish a specific region, jailing leaders of that region, and committing violence in the street against peaceful protesters, there’s more than a whiff of fascism there.
Franco loved Catalans so much, he hugged them with bombs!