Stavraton of Constantine XI Palaiologos, struck beginning 1449.
Stavratons are an important category of Byzantine silver coins.
ETA: Coincidentally! I found a thread on another site like this one.
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Anyone here read Kanji? (Pretty sure.)
1453
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1459 - Vlad Dracul starts with the impaling:
in 1459, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II sent envoys to Vlad to urge him to pay a delayed tribute of 10,000 ducats and 500 recruits into the Ottoman forces. Vlad refused, because if he had paid the ātributeā, as the tax was called at the time, it would have meant a public acceptance of Wallachia as part of the Ottoman Empire. Vlad, like most of his predecessors and successors, maintained the goal of keeping Wallachia independent. Vlad had the Turkish envoys killed on the pretext that they had refused to raise their āhatsā to him, by nailing their turbans to their heads.
Meanwhile, the Sultan received intelligence reports that revealed Vladās domination of the Danube. He sent the Bey of Nicopolis, Hamza Bey (also known as Hamza Ceakirdjiba), to make peace and, if necessary, eliminate Vlad III.
Vlad ČepeČ planned to set an ambush. Hamza Bey, the Bey of Nicopolis, brought with him 1000 cavalry and when passing through a narrow pass north of Giurgiu, Vlad launched a surprise attack. The Wallachians had the Turks surrounded and defeated. The Turksā plans were thwarted and almost all of them caught and impaled, with Hamza Bey impaled on the highest stake to show his rank.
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Geologic map of the Manzano Wilderness, Valencia and Torrence counties, New Mexico
Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1464-A
Item 1465
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