starrygordonâs account specifically speaks to the Marxist strategy of revolution. This model has indeed proven to be ineffective and is, generally speaking, no longer favored or even relevant in most contemporary communist or revolutionary left currents.
That doesnât mean there still arenât hangers-on.
However, since the very beginnings of communism (starting especially with the clear break that occurred in the 1889 Second International, which expelled the anarchists), there have been two campsâthose that favored the state capitalist route (Marxâs camp), and those who thought it would fail (Bakhuninâs camp).
The former camp went on to become Marxist-Leninists, Maoists, etc.
The latter were and have always been âlibertarian communists,â or anarchists.
Marxists historically have devoted much time and energy to eradicating anarchists and others known as âleft communists.â
Lenin and his Party elites, for example, crushed an anarchist rebellion in Kronstadt, which is to say nothing of the thousands of dissident communists and anarchists who they sent to die in the work camps.
Orwellâs firsthand account of serving in the POUM militias during the Spanish Civil War contains a rather grim description of how the bulk of the Stalinist forces and arms stayed behind the front lines in 1937, waiting for the anarchists and left communists to come home from the front, at which time they were hunted down and killed by the Stalinists. Orwell himself lost a number of friends this way and was forced to flee the country in order to evade capture.
So, Marxist-Leninists and Maoists occupy, generally speaking, the right side of the political spectrum within communist currents.
So itâs reductive to lump all communists, and their strategies, together. It simply looked to millions of people, for about a century, that the Marxist-Leninist strategy would prevail.
We are now in a period in which the left is pursuing more anarchistic currents, because generally speaking these have seen the greatest success for some time now and have a more popular appeal.
Still, the general consensus is that what has been tried unsuccessfully before should not be attempted again, which includes the last anarchist revolutions that were to some degree internally successful but failed largely due to international intervention.