Well, it’s communicating badly that means the person is still misunderstanding the situation. In this comic the woman both apparently is upset, and is explaining why she is upset. You can communicate well or badly whether you are upset or not (though it’s harder do anything well the more upset you get). I agree with your analysis, in the comic the woman explains what she didn’t like about what just happened.
Without the social context of understanding condesplaining, we wouldn’t even necessarily assume she was upset, we might just be baffled - “What has happened here, and why is she drawing that distinction?” we’d say.
So everyone except @popobawa4u is making a lot of assumptions about what happened just before the woman said this, but also assumptions about the woman’s tone of voice. Some people are assuming this woman is getting angry over nothing and taking it out on this man. Some people are assuming this woman is getting angry over something totally reasonable to get angry about, and it was the man who made her angry.
So it’s the people getting defensive on the man’s behalf that is really telling. Suppose the full interaction was this:
Panel 1. Woman says, “I wonder what it means.”
Panel 2. Man opens guide he picked up on his way into the exhibit, “Apparently this represents the artists’ struggles with learning to cook.”
Panel 3. Woman says, “I said, ‘I wonder what it means’, not ‘Tell me what it means.’”
Panel 4. Man says, “Oh, sorry I misunderstood you. Would you look at the time, I have to be going.”
Why would an artist, trying to tell me a story in New Yorker comic form, decide they will show me panel 3 of that story? If the goal of the comic is to say, “Men sometimes overexplain things, amirite?” then I understand why the creator of the comic chose to present it in this way. If the goal of the comic is to say, “Dames are crazy, amirite?” then the creator of the comic has some very avant garde ideas about storytelling. Thinking that the backstory of this comic is that man was being totally reasonable seems utterly baffling to me, it just wouldn’t be presented this way.