I’m moving my response here because I don’t wish to derail the original topic. (Thanks, @Mindysan33
for pointing it out.) The point I had made was that mandatory minimum sentences decrease justice at the level of the prosecutor rather than at the level of the judge. A prosecutor with a bias towards the rich young white kid will not even try a case against him if he knows that there is a mandatory minimum sentence because he doesn’t want to send the kid to jail for that long. A prosecutor with a bias against a poor black kid will try a marginal case against him even if the nature of the crime doesn’t really seem to fit the sentence that is mandated. The chain is complex but I haven’t yet seen a case where more penal punishment mandated has ever helped minorities.
https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1574&context=uer